Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology

Front matter
- Quick Reference Material
- Foreword
- Preface
- Senior reviewers
- Symbols and abbreviations

Chapter 1 Basic principles
- Chapter 1 Basic principles
- Host defence
- Innate defence mechanisms
- Adaptive defence mechanisms
- Immunity against viruses
- Immunity against bacteria
- Immunity against fungi
- Immunity against parasites
- Basic principles of bacteriology
- Structure and function of bacteria
- Bacterial genetics
- Bacterial growth and metabolism
- Bacterial virulence and pathogenicity
- Basic principles of virology
- Viral replication
- Viral pathogenesis

Chapter 2 Antimicrobials
- Chapter 2 Antimicrobials
- Definitions
- Development of antibiotics
- Global antibiotic use
- Mechanisms of action
- Mechanisms of resistance
- Molecular genetics of resistance
- Clonal expansion
- Breakpoints
- Heteroresistance
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacodynamics
- Choosing an antimicrobial
- Routes of administration
- Antimicrobials in renal impairment
- Antimicrobials in liver disease
- Duration of antibiotic therapy
- Antimicrobial prophylaxis
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins
- β-lactamases
- β-lactamase inhibitors
- Carbapenems
- Monobactams
- Other cell wall agents
- Glycopeptides
- Aminoglycosides
- Macrolides
- Ketolides
- Lincosamides
- Streptogramins
- Lipopeptides
- Oxazolidinones
- Chloramphenicol
- Tetracyclines
- Sulfonamides
- Trimethoprim
- Co-trimoxazole
- Quinolones
- Nitroimidazoles
- Nitrofurans
- Novobiocin
- Rifamycins
- Polymyxins
- Fusidic acid
- Mupirocin
- Retapamulin
- Antituberculous agents – 1st line
- Antituberculous agents – 2nd line
- Non-tuberculous mycobacteria
- Antileprotics
- Antifungals
- Polyenes
- Imidazoles
- Triazoles
- Echinocandins
- Other antifungals
- Aciclovir and valaciclovir
- Antivirals for HSV and VZV
- Antivirals for cytomegalovirus
- Antivirals for influenza
- Antivirals for respiratory syncytial virus
- Antivirals for chronic viral hepatitis
- Principles of HIV treatment
- Nucleoside/nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Protease inhibitors
- Other HIV therapies
- Antimalarials
- Quinine and related compounds
- Artemisinin and its derivatives
- Miscellaneous antimalarials
- Antiprotozoal drugs (1)
- Antiprotozoal drugs (2)
- Antiprotozoal drugs (3)
- Antihelminthic drugs (1)
- Antihelminthic drugs (2)

Chapter 3 Infection control
- Chapter 3 Infection control
- Introduction to infection control
- Basic epidemiology of infection (1)
- Basic epidemiology of infection (2)
- Infection control committee
- Overview of surveillance
- Surveillance of alert organisms
- Surveillance of hospital-acquired infection
- The nature of risk and its assessment
- Management of outbreaks
- Management of risks to healthcare workers from patients
- Management of risk from sharps
- Risk from tissues for transplantation
- Management of risk from virally infected healthcare workers
- Hazard groups
- Containment levels
- Patient isolation
- Universal infection control precautions and barrier nursing
- Antibiotic policies
- Handwashing
- Management of antibiotic-resistant organisms
- Control of TB in hospitals
- Control of CJD and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
- Disinfection
- Sterilization
- Ventilation in healthcare premises
- Laundry
- Waste
- Introduction to prevention of HAI
- Infections in intensive care
- Surgical site infection
- Bloodstream infection (BSI)
- Urinary catheter-associated infection
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia
- Line-related sepsis
- Hospital epidemics of diarrhoea and vomiting
- Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea
- Infection control in the community

Chapter 4 Systematic microbiology
- Chapter 4 Systematic microbiology
- Identification of bacteria
- Biochemical tests
- Overview of Gram-positive cocci
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Meticillin-resistant S. aureus
- Glycopeptide resistance in S. aureus
- Coagulase-negative staphylococci
- Streptococci – overview
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Enterococci
- Streptococcus bovis
- Viridans streptococci
- Group A Streptococcus
- Group B Streptococcus
- Other β-haemolytic streptococci
- Other Gram-positive cocci
- Overview of Gram-positive rods
- Bacillus species
- Bacillus anthracis
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Non-diphtheria corynebacteria
- Listeria
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
- Rhodococcus equi
- Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridum tetani
- Other clostridia
- Mobiluncus
- Actinomyces
- Nocardia
- Actinomadura and Streptomyces
- Gram-negative cocci – overview
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Non-pathogenic Neisseria
- Moraxella
- Anaerobic Gram-negative cocci
- Escherichia coli
- Klebsiella
- Proteus
- Enterobacter
- Citrobacter
- Serratia
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Other Enterobacteriaceae
- Overview of Gram-negative rod non-fermenters
- Glucose non-fermenters
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Acinetobacter
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
- Burkholderia cepacia
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Burkholderia mallei
- Overview of fastidious Gram-negative rods
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Other Haemophilus spp.
- HACEK organisms
- Cardiobacterium hominis
- Eikenella corrodens
- Kingella kingae
- Gardnerella
- Bordetella
- Brucella
- Yersinia pestis
- Yersinia enterocolitica
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
- Pasteurella
- Francisella
- Legionella
- Capnocytophaga
- Vibrios
- Vibrio cholerae
- Vibrio parahaemolyticus
- Vibrio vulnificus
- Other Vibrio Species
- Aeromonas
- Plesiomonas
- Campylobacter
- Helicobacter
- Bacteroides
- Prevotella and Porphyromonas
- Fusobacterium
- Spirochaetes – an overview
- Treponema species
- Borrelia species
- Leptospira species
- Overview of Rickettsia
- Rickettsial diseases
- Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
- Bartonella species
- Mycoplasma
- Chlamydia
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- Chlamydiophila psittaci
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Mycobacterium leprae
- Non-tuberculous mycobacteria
- Overview of virology
- Influenza – introduction
- Influenza – clinical features and diagnosis
- Influenza – treatment and prevention
- Parainfluenza
- Respiratory syncytial virus
- Other respiratory viruses
- Measles
- Mumps
- Rubella
- Parvovirus B19
- Human herpesvirus type 6
- Human herpesvirus type 7
- Herpes simplex virus
- Varicella zoster virus
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Epstein–Barr virus
- Cytomegalovirus
- Viral gastroenteritis
- Rotavirus
- Caliciviruses
- Astroviruses
- Hepatitis A virus
- Hepatitis B virus
- Hepatitis D virus
- Hepatitis C virus
- Hepatitis E virus
- Hepatitis viruses
- HIV virology and immunology
- HIV laboratory tests
- Enterovirus
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
- Togaviridae
- Bunyaviridae
- Adenovirus
- Human herpesvirus type 8
- Human papillomavirus
- Polyomaviruses
- Poxviruses
- Poliovirus
- Human T-cell lymphotropic virus
- Flaviviruses
- Yellow fever
- Dengue
- Viral haemorrhagic fevers
- Filoviruses
- Arenaviruses (Lassa fever)
- Rabies virus
- Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD)
- Kuru
- Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome
- Fatal familial insomnia
- Overview of fungi
- Candida species
- Superficial Candida infections
- Invasive Candida infections
- Malessezia infections
- Other yeasts
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Pneumocystis jiroveci
- Aspergillus
- Mucormycosis
- Eumycetoma
- Dermatophytes
- Other moulds
- Sporothrix schenckii
- Chromomycosis
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Coccidioides immitis
- Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
- Penicillium marneffei
- Plasmodium species (malaria)
- Babesia
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Cryptosporidium
- Isospora
- Cyclospora
- Trypanosoma
- Trypanosoma cruzi
- Trypanosoma brucei complex
- Leishmania
- Giardia lamblia
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Free-living amoebae
- Microsporidia
- Nematodes
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Trichuris trichiuria
- Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
- Strongyloides stercoralis
- Enterobius vermicularis
- Cutaneous larva migrans
- Visceral larva migrans
- Trichinella species
- Dracunculus medinensis
- Filiariasis
- Loa loa
- Onchocerca volvulus
- Cestodes
- Trematodes (flukes)
- Abdominal angiostrongyliasis
- Anisakiasis
- Capilliariasis
- Ectoparasites

Chapter 5 Clinical syndromes
- Chapter 5 Clinical syndromes
- Fever: introduction
- Sepsis syndrome
- Pyrexia of unknown origin
- Imported fever
- Common cold
- Pharyngitis
- Retropharyngeal abscess
- Quinsy (peritonsillar abscess)
- Lemierre’s disease
- Croup
- Epiglottitis
- Bacterial tracheitis
- Laryngitis
- Sinusitis
- Mastoiditis
- Otitis externa
- Otitis media
- Dental infections
- Lateral pharyngeal abscess
- Acute bronchitis
- Chronic bronchitis
- Bronchiolitis
- Community-acquired pneumonia
- Aspiration pneumonia
- Hospital-acquired pneumonia
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia
- Pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia
- Empyema
- Lung abscess
- Cystic fibrosis
- Infective endocarditis
- Intravascular catheter-related infections
- Endovascular infections
- Myocarditis
- Pericarditis
- Mediastinitis
- Oesophagitis
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Infectious diarrhoea
- Enteric fever
- Cholera
- Antibiotic-associated colitis
- Acute cholecystitis
- Acute cholangitis
- Primary peritonitis
- Secondary peritonitis
- Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis
- Diverticulitis
- Intra-abdominal abscess
- Hepatic abscess
- Acute hepatitis
- Chronic hepatitis
- Other gastrointestinal infections
- Urinary tract infections: introduction
- Cystitis
- Acute pyelonephritis
- Chronic pyelonephritis
- Renal abscess
- Catheter-associated UTI
- Prostatitis
- Epididymitis
- Orchitis
- Sexually transmitted infections: introduction
- Bacterial vaginosis
- Vulvovaginal candidiasis
- Genital warts
- Tropical genital ulceration
- Genital herpes
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Toxic shock syndrome
- Gonorrhoea
- Chlamydia
- Trichmoniasis
- Syphilis
- Acute meningitis
- Bacterial meningitis
- Viral meningitis
- Chronic meningitis
- Tuberculous meningitis
- Cryptococcal meningitis
- Coccidioidal meningitis
- Histoplasma meningitis
- Neuroborreliosis
- Neurocysticercosis
- Encephalitis
- Cerebral abscess
- Subdural empyema
- Epidural abscess
- CSF shunt infections
- Peri-orbital infections
- Orbital infections
- Conjunctivitis
- Keratitis
- Uveitis
- Endophthalmitis
- Skin and soft tissue infections¹
- Bite infections
- Surgical site infections
- Gas gangrene
- Necrotizing fasciitis
- Pyomyositis
- Fungal skin infections
- Cutaneous manifestations of systemic fungal infection
- Viral skin infections
- Miscellaneous skin infections
- Septic arthritis
- Septic bursitis
- Reactive arthritis
- Osteomyelitis
- Prosthetic joint infections
- Diabetic foot infections
- Neonatal sepsis
- Viral causes of childhood illness
- Enteroviral infections
- Bacterial causes of childhood illness
- Congenital infections
- Maternal infections associated with neonatal morbidity
- Management of rash contact in pregnancy
- Management of rash illness in pregnancy¹^,²
- Prevention of congenital/perinatal infection
- Chorioamnionitis
- Puerperal sepsis
- Primary immunodeficiency
- Antibody-deficiency syndromes
- Selective T-cell deficiency
- Secondary immunodeficiency
- Infections in asplenic patients
- Neutropaenic sepsis
- Infections in transplant recipients
- HIV epidemiology
- HIV natural history
- HIV classification
- Initial evaluation of HIV patient
- HIV skin complications (1)
- HIV skin complications (2)
- HIV oral complications
- HIV cardiovascular complications
- HIV pulmonary complications
- HIV gastrointestinal disease
- HIV liver disease
- HIV-associated nephropathy
- HIV neurological complications
- HIV-associated malignancies
- HIV prevention
- Immunisations
- Notifiable diseases (ND)
- Bioterrorism

Index
- Index

This new Oxford Handbook takes an integrated approach to both infectious disease and microbiology. Referenced to national frameworks and current legislation, it covers the basic principles of bacteriology and virology, specific information on diseases and conditions, and material on 'hot topics' such as bioterrorism and preventative medicine.

About the Authors

Estee Torok Clinical Research Fellow, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK

Ed Moran Specialist Registrar in Infectious Disease and General Medicine, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, UK

Fiona Cooke Formerly HPA Specialist Registrar in Medical Microbiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK

Disclaimer: Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up to date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work.

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